The Effects Of Drugs And Alcohol On The Brain - 846 Words

What really is an addiction? Why and how do such individuals get hooked on something and cannot seem to part ways? Many bystanders and outsiders seem to be puzzled on why or how others become addicted to drugs and alcohol. This has been an ongoing issue still current in today’s society. â€Å"It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavior† (Understanding Drug). Same thing goes for the use of alcohol. It is up to the mind, whether or not to prevents the power such toxic substance if abuse, such as drugs and alcohol. The mind is the main focus in individuals becoming addicted. Because drugs and alcohol affect the brain in ways that cause for compulsive abuse between the two, it can become difficult. The brain controls the actions, whatever is influencing the brain, that is whom the brain shall listen to regardless if that individual wants to quit of not. à ¢â‚¬Å"Addicts continue to take drugs, not out of fear of withdrawal†¦but because they are seeking form of satisfaction or pleasure or relief from a state of emotional distress of difficulty of life† (Weinberg). Sociologists claim that because individuals become addicted to the intake of drugs and alcohol is because they cannot stop because it influences their brain and they do it for the feeling of being satisfy for the moment. The power of influence seems to be ignored because as much as an individual may want to stopShow MoreRelatedNotes On Adolescence And Substance Use Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesjust before adulthood. Risky behaviors can include drug or alcohol use or abuse (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). This paper will examine the relationship between adolescences and alcohol use, and the effect that alcohol have on the developing brain. As well as, how a healthy spiritual development can effect substance use in adolescences. In addition, it will discuss the issue of local drug or alcohol use, and examine the presence of drugs or alcohol within the community. Finally, it will examine andRead MorePhysical Development Of Adolescents Report1263 Words   |  6 PagesEgede Louis Ms Kate Willey November 8, 2015 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENTS REPORT THESIS- Adolescents are at higher risk of physical and brain injury due to their still developing brains, specifically the frontal lobe. Is it possible for the engagement in sexual activity, alcohol and drug use, sport injuries and other risky behaviors damage adolescent minds? The answer is yes because early high-risk behaviors, including sexual encounters, are powerful influencesRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Body s Organs And Brain Activity1350 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is a recreational drug which contains ethanol (Drugfreeworld.org, 2016), a depressant that prolongs the messages from the brain to the body affecting the way one thinks, feels and behaves (Alcoholthinkagain.com.au, 2014). Excessive alcohol consumption can have many negative effects on the body’s organs and brain activity. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, depression, gout and pancreatitis can occur as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol and haveRead MoreBiopsychosocial Model Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The drug epidemic in the United States has been enlightening. Illegal drugs have cost the United States approximately 600 billion in total costs to the economy including lost wages. The biopsychosocial model is a combination of biology (body) and social, psychological (mind, and community (social). The biopsychosocial model provided a holistic approach to medicine. The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological and social factors and their complex interactionsRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Alcohol on the Body1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Alcohol on the Body Alcohol is one of many dangerous substances that effects our bodies. The effects of this drug can be very harmful. Alcohol is a potent non-prescription drug sold to anyone over the national legal drinking age, 21. Unlike other deadly drugs it is easy to access. This makes it easy to over-consume and create a tragic accident, even death. It can damage a person not only physically but also mentally and emotionally. Many people each year become more and moreRead MoreDrugs And Abuse Of Drugs1564 Words   |  7 Pages Drugs and Abuse Abuse of drugs can have effects on the user even after the use of drugs has stopped. Different drugs produce different effects, depending on the user, type of drug, and severity of abuse. New research is done every day in the area of drug abuse that makes finding accurate results on the broad topic of drug abuse very difficult. From the most recent studies only can one find data that is presently accepted as correct. These numerous studies provide enough data to explain theRead MoreEffects Of Drugs On The Brain880 Words   |  4 PagesWatkins Group topic: Effects of Drugs on the Brain ***** Last Group ***** In today’s session, group members received education on how alcohol and drug abuse affects the brain chemistry. Group members learned how different categories of substances and how they act in the mind and body. PO was on time and moderately participated in the group activity. PO engaged in the group discussion, and shared personal experience and insights related to the topic appropriately and honestly. PO completed theRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1423 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol canRead MoreAlcohol Dependency And Its Effects On The Community1372 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol dependency has grown to be stigma in the community which is responsible for growing problems into the wo rld. It can also remain defined a deep-rooted disease of the brain which might also bear the damaging outcomes on brain as addiction fluctuate the working pattern of human brain that can be for long period. It is even hard for a person after circulate the addiction on alcohol dependency as soon as that is attached per a substance. Moreover, human beings use alcohol to keep away themselvesRead MoreUses and abuse of drugs983 Words   |  4 Pages37,000 people died from drug related overdoses.† Many people do not understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. Substance abuse is a growing problem that not only affects the person who is abusing alcohol or drugs but also affects the lives of those who are close to the abuser. Substance abuse is the abuse of any substance. A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the body’s functions when it is consumed. It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles

Analysis Of Jimmy Carter s Presidency - 1440 Words

Jimmy Carter’s presidency is often met with harsh criticism and unfair judgement. He’s been labeled as a man who was â€Å"too smart to be president† but in reality, it was more like he was too nice to be president. Although he was a strong diplomatic speaker, he lacked the assertive nature that prevented him from succeeding in foreign policy. That’s not to say he was without merit but situations such as the Iranian Hostage Crisis have left a permanent blemish on his political career. Carter was in no way a president who sought confrontation. The ramifications of the Vietnam War left him and the American people under a different mindset, one that wasn’t eager to get involved in another overseas conflict. Yet tensions in the Middle East continued rise with both Egypt and Israel at each other’s throats. A more domestic issue arose in the 1979 energy crisis with the number of oil reserves being reduced largely due to the United States supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Ironically, a lot of the problems appeared to have been carried over from Nixon’s time in office. These were the problems caused by a cutthroat conservative and now they were passed on to Carter. This does not absolve the man of responsibility for his decisions but it does provide a viewpoint as to how he was able to overcome global dilemmas. Preceding Carter, Nixon’s administration had encouraged people to buy more home appliances and add an additional car to their driveway. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election Of 1980 Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesheld. The competition was between incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter and his opponent, former Californian Republican Governor, Ronald Reagan. Reagan, assisted by a falling economy complicated by inflation and high unemployment, and the Iran hostage crisis, Reagan would win the election in a sweep, receiving the largest number of electoral votes ever tallied by a presid ential candidate not currently in office. Jimmy Carter, who beat out Edward M. Kennedy for the nomination for DemocraticRead MoreIranian Hostage Crisis 1617 Words   |  7 Pagesunprepared, slow, original, and catastrophic. The reaction of the embassy staff was slow, unprepared and disorganized. Since the revolution the embassy had reduced its staff from several thousand down to less than 100 (Bowden, 2006, p. 19). The U. S. Marines stationed at the embassy were given orders not to shoot, but they could and did use tear gas. When the staff realized what was going on, several had already been taken hostage and they retreated to the second floor secure room and third floorRead More Integrity in Leadership Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe underlying theme for the theory of self interests. There are two basic formulas that can be used when trying to determine what is moral, and they are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We should choose the action(s) that we feel, with good reason, will benefit us more than any other choice 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We should choose the action(s) that are in our best interests, or that we prefer for the best perceived outcome These two formulas can be implemented when making any decision. If you feel something will benefit you, orRead MoreBill Clinton and Integrity1689 Words   |  7 PagesThis is the underlying theme for the theory of self interests. There are two basic formulas that can be used when trying to determine what is moral, and they are: 1. We should choose the action(s) that we feel, with good reason, will benefit us more than any other choice 2. We should choose the action(s) that are in our best interests, or that we prefer for the best perceived outcome These two formulas can be implemented when making any decision. 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Johnson During Johnson’s presidency, the federal government significantly extended its domestic responsibilities in attempt to transform the nation to what Johnson called the â€Å"Great Society,† in which poverty and racial intolerance ceased to exist. A previously unsurpassed amount of legislation was passed during this time; numerous laws were passed to protect the environment, keep consumers safe, reduce unfairness in educationRead MorePresidential Election Outcomes From American History2856 Words   |  12 Pagessuch as their own background/history or what party they identify with and how the candidate stacks up with those expectations. Voters can also vote based on retrospective voting, which is basically voting based on a thorough analysis of a candidate (if it is an incumbent)’s past performance. Such past performance takes into account the economy. 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Jimmy Carter, then-president of the US, tried to deal with this crisis but ultimately failed, bringing the American gov ernment almost to a standstill (Ambrose, 1997). The US’ behaviour and actions in Iran following the revolution leads us to consider its role in the failure of their relation. We could therefore ask ourselves whether or not the downfall of US-Iran relations was precipitated by the US, under the Carter Presidency. In order to do so, this essay willRead MoreRichard Nixon and Supreme Court1634 Words   |  7 Pagesrisen to ________ percent per year. 19. During the Korean War, General Douglas MacArthur actions could be described how? 20. In the Korean War, the Chinese threatened a massive invasion of Korea if the United States did what? 21. In the final analysis, the most significant result of the Korean War was what? 22. A major political consequence of the Cold War was what? 23. When Congress voted to end wartime price controls, prices rose ________ percent in two years. 24. The leader of the Dixiecrats

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Context Service Industries

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Context Service Industries. Answer: Introduction The critical thinking is attributed to the most intellectual discipline which is concerned with the process of conceptualization, application, analysis and the evaluation of the information gathered from various sources (Jackson 2015). The information can be gathered from a wide variety of sources such as reflection, experience, observation, communication and reasoning (Jackson 2015). The modern-day organizations are gearing up for in depth information about the business processes that can be critical for making the business decisions (Jackson 2015). The critical thinking can be designated as the intentional application of the higher order thinking skills and rational skills that would be beneficial for the organization in the long run. In todays modern organization, there are a lot of problems that happen in the workplace (Jackson 2015). An essential part of ambiguity lies in the dealing with ambiguity. The critical thinking is concerned with the metacognition, which is concerned wi th the act of being aware of the individual thinking when performing specific tasks as well as using the awareness to control the different entities (Metcalfe 2013). There are many situations in the service industries which poses serious threat to the managers (Pinder 2014). The internal as well as external environment of the organization presents several challenges for the organization and there are several problems in the day to day functioning of the organization (Jackson 2015). The managers of the organizations work hard to formulate policies so that there is an increase in the efficiency of the organization (Pinder 2014). The issues of the organization affect the overall functioning of the organization (Jackson 2015). This report would provide an in-depth analysis of one functional problem in the organization and would provide critical analysis of the same (Jackson 2015). The problem would be analyzed in detail with the help of different attributes such as cultural beliefs, system dynamics, historical influences and examples of inductive or deductive arguments (Pinder 2014). Description of the Problem The growing number of multinational companies as well as small companies has long working hours which reduces the productivity of the employees in the long run (Jackson 2015). Research has shown that people working beyond the scheduled eight hours of working have serious health issues (Caruso 2014). The long working hours is not only harmful for the employees but it is also detrimental for the organizations in the long run (Jackson 2015). There is high attrition rate in the organization as the employees are not eager to work in organization that forces them to work for long hours than usual (Pinder 2014). Research shows that people who work for more than 55 hours each week have an increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (Wilmot et al. 2012). If the employees fall ill, then there would be increased absenteeism as well as increased medical charges that would have to be borne by the organization (Jackson 2015). This would also bring in negative image for the company as there would be news that the company has long working hours (Caruso 2014). In such cases, the human resource department would be having a tough time in recruiting qualified manpower. Analysis of the problem There have been an increasing number of studies that shows the ill effects of the long working hours (Caruso 2014). One of the studies published in the American Journal of Epidemiology shows that the unhealthy diet habits, increase in the blood pressure and the stress is causing millions of people to go through serious health issues (Forbes.com 2017). This study showed that the act of spending long time (more than 11 hours) in office leads to an increased rise in the heart diseases (around 67 percent). There is also an increased risk to the varying levels of psychological stress that also damages the health of the individuals (Forbes.com 2017). There are other factors responsible for the high amount of stress in the individuals such as increased level of the cortisol hormone, lack of physical activity of the employees, increase in the sedentary lifestyle and the poor eating habits of the employees (Forbes.com 2017). Reasons of long working hours The managers of the companies often expect their employees to engage in long working hours by responding to the company mails at all times or willingly donate their holidays or weekends to the company, especially in the peak business seasons (Appelbaum 2013). This is caused by the different degree of economic incentives, corporate culture and the emerging technologies that have contributed to the additional hours that the employees contribute to their workplace (Appelbaum 2013). The employees also feel the urge to work long hours owing to the promotion as the management would be content if they are seen to be devoting long hours to the work (Forbes.com 2017). The employees have high ambition, greed for short term rewards and others, which make them to take huge workload and complete them by giving additional work hours to the company beyond their normal working hour (Sirota and Klein 2013). This often leads to increased levels of anxiety, stress, nausea, eyesight problems, headaches and loss of sleep. There are sleep disorders for the employees who work for long hours (Appelbaum 2013). There may be situation in which the employees are expected to work from home even after their normal work schedules are over (Appelbaum 2013). This causes loss of work-life balance and the employees are unable to give sufficient time to their family or they have no personal life (Khallash and Kruse 2012). There are several close health related factors that are concerned with the long stretches of work (Caruso 2014). The employees may have impaired sleeping, heavy drinking, depression, impaired memory and increased susceptibility to diabetes (Miller and Reynolds 2012). Consequence of long working hours The human brain is unable to perform at its optimum level after 7-8 years of work. It increases the effectiveness, which is also reflected in the productivity of the employees (Bloom 2014). The organizations with long working hours can expect a loss of productivity as the employees would not be able to do their job duties in a perfect manner (Caruso 2014). There are an increased number of workers in Australia, who are doing work for more than 20 hours and also night duty (Bloom 2014). The erratic work schedules characterized by 6-12 hours of work at the shift and the employees working in different shifts are often seen to be lacking in sleep and this is detrimental to the organization also (Amorim and Santos 2017). The employees working in shift duty or long stretches are often unable to focus on their day to day work (Bloom 2014). This is due to the fact that the mind is unable to focus on the work after certain hours of work (Foster and Wass 2013). The organization would not be able to give authentic work and there would be lack of creativity in the team if the employees are working for long hours. Culturally held beliefs There are different culturally held beliefs for the working hours in the organization. The working hours are directly with the life satisfaction (Munir et al. 2012). The determinants of the life satisfaction are directly dependent on working hours (Bloom 2014). The life satisfaction can be defined as the analysis of the general well-being as well as overall happiness of the individuals. It is true that having a regular job is important in improving the positive association. The happiness is closely related with the culture and the understanding of the culture is important for instilling motivations as well as positive behaviors among the employees (Gayathiri et al. 2013). The people are known to face different degrees of moral dilemmas as well as ambiguous circumstances when there is instance of proper behavior (Gayathiri et al. 2013). The emotional commitment of the employees is directly related with the act of prioritizing of the tasks (Bloom 2014). The most important dimensions of culture are concentrated on the fact that the locus of responsibility lies within the individuals and their actions (Caruso 2014). System dynamics of long work hours There are number of causal agents that contribute to the long working hours in the modern-day organizations (Reason 2016). There are incidents when the employees engage in long working hours without any extra pay. There can be lot of distractions during the official hours which may force the people to stay in office for longer duration (Gayathiri et al. 2013). There can be the existence of non-cooperating members who would minimal support to the employees (Karatepe 2013). This may also prevent the employees form finishing their work within stipulated time. There are instances when the supervisor is disorganized in his work approaches (Karatepe 2013). This may result in the late allocation of the work and hence the employee would need longer time to finish the allocated work (Gayathiri et al. 2013). The managers may be good at their own tasks, however, they may not be good at delegating tasks to the people, which may force their team members to stay in office for long hours (Wiig 2012 ). There are instances when the employees are unable to manage their time effectively, which would make them to stay after office so that they can meet their performance targets. It can be argued that the persons working more than 48 hours of week can be regarded as the ones having long working hours (Landy and Conte 2016). Research shows that there are clear gender differences concerning long working hours. The male population is known to work for longer hours as compared to the female counterparts (Karatepe 2013). It has also been shown that people in the age group of 30 and 49 are most likely to work for long hours. The paid overtime was also considered as one of the causes contributing to the long working hours (Rodrigues Guest and Budjanovcanin 2013). There is close association between the overtime period and the current levels of pay (Gibbons and Henderson 2012). There are other dynamics for long working hours such as employee preference, career enhancement, occupational commitmen t and the job security (Rodrigues Guest and Budjanovcanin 2013). Historical influences The long work hours are also supported by several historical influences. During the 1800, there were many Americans who worked for long stretches (Skocpol 2013). They used to work over seventy hours per week, which became a political issue. There has been increasing workload in the nineteenth centuries. The jobs with high degree of overtime often results in the increased chances of the injury hazard rates (Rodrigues Guest and Budjanovcanin 2013). The Australians have long working hours culture and they are considered as the hardest workers among the global workforce (SMH.com.au 2017). There is one among the five Australians who work for more than 50 hours per week. The traditions of Australia demonstrate that the country relies heavily on the penalty rates and the over time, which is implemented to discourage the employees from having a long work week (Skocpol 2013). It is also true that the longer hours of work do not correspond to the higher rate of productivity. Studies also demon strates the fact that the long working hours caused due to increased work pressure causes diminishing effect on the employee productivity (Skocpol 2013). Use of statistics There is high probability that a large number of statistics would be used for the purpose of evaluating the long working hours in the modern workplaces. The Australian statistics shows that the Fair Work Commission has set out guidelines for the hours of work that the employees are supposed to do (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). The employees are supposed to work for a maximum of 38 ordinary hours in a particular week. The ordinal hours can be part time, full time and also applicable for the causal employees. Suggestion The problem of the long work hours should be handled carefully and set of solutions should be set for minimizing the risks caused due to the problem. The employees should try to priorities the tasks so that they can complete the tasks within the given deadlines (Pickert 2014). This would also prevent the employees from working after the office timings. The employees should engage in the prioritizing of the tasks and it is also important to set the timelines for important tasks first so that they get completed over time (Pickert 2014). The employees should engage in conversations with the senior management which throws light on the workload problems. The employees should ask direct questions to the supervisors instead of giving accusations to them (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). It is also important to find out the root causes of the workload issue and agree to solutions based on this analysis (Pickert 2014). The employees should be accountable for managing their own time and they should s trive to maintain time keeping software that would help them manage the team as well as personal priorities well (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). The employees should be able to manage the work well and the organization should not overburden them (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). The organization should understand that the employees need to balance their personal as well as professional life. They should not give unachievable deadlines to the employees so that they can finish off their work within the office duty hours (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). This would make the employees more committed to the organization and their job role. The organization can allow flexible work options that would help the companies to focus more on employee productivity. The organizations can give Work from Home options so that the employees can balance their personal as well as professional life easily (Bloom et al. 2014). The companies should leverage the increasing use of the technological interventions and hence this should be done to keep the long working hours (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). It is important to take care of the log in and the log out time so that the employees do not overburden themselves. The organization should hire adequate number of employees so that the departments get adequate number of manpower to perform their day to day tasks (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). An efficient human resource department is the key to adhering to the limits of the normal working hours. The employees should keep time for themselves even in a busy schedule (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). This would help them to cultivate their hobby or the ir favorite pastime, which would keep them refreshed and hence they can concentrate on the work better. The organization should strive to undergo frequent motivation sessions for the employees, which would inspire the employees and this would be reflected in their work performances also (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). The motivation can be in terms of both financial as well as non-financial terms (Weiner 2013). A motivated employee would help them to give their optimum performance and hence this would also help them to restrict the working hours. The organization can conduct motivation sessions that would help the employees to perform their job tasks in a better way (Duncan and Dunifon 2012). There should be limited working hours for women because they may have several duties such as child-rearing as well care for the elderly people (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). The organization should organize wellness sessions that would engage experienced as well as qualified psychotherapists so that they can provide the employees practical tips of managing stress. These kind of training sessions woul d provide the employees necessary tools to cope up with the extreme long working hours. These kind of training sessions would also provide the employees emotional support so that they can cope up with the pressures of the work (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). There can be one to one sessions if the situation demands so. This would result in the employees successfully managing their work within the stipulated workplaces timings. The organization would be successful in maintaining a positive work culture in which there is trust and professionalism (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). This would increase the productivity of the employees and hence there would be fulfillment of the organizational goals. The organization should also do proper planning for the allocation of tasks. The employees should be given task before hand and they should be given sufficient time so that they are able to complete them within the stipulated time (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). This would help the employees to complete the task within their duty hours and they would not need to stay late for completing them. The task management and task planning is important and the managers should take play a key role in it (Gavino Wayne and Erdogan 2012). The organization should be empathetic towards its employees so that they can enjoy the work they are doing and this would cause an increase in the productivity. Conclusion The modern-day organizations are going through lot of complex processes since they are big entities and they are having cross border operations. In such situations, it is important to undergo critical thinking so that there is effective problem solving. This report discussed one of the most important issues in the modern workplaces- long working hours. The problem is analyzed in detail. The different health consequences of the long working hours are discussed. The different reasons for the long working hours are discussed such as high ambition, greed for short term rewards, different degree of economic incentives, corporate culture and the emerging technologies. The consequence of long working hours is also discussed. The culturally held beliefs are discussed along with the system dynamics of the long working hours. The organizational dynamics that lead to increased working hours are critically analyzed. The different historical significances related to the long working hours are dis cussed. The Fair Work Commission has set out guidelines regarding the working hours, which are discussed. The concluding part of the report has practical suggestions for dealing with the particular situation. This report would help in the understanding of the issue of long working hours in business and how to deal with them effectively. References Amorim, S. and Santos, G.G., 2017. Employee and Human Resource Managers Perceptions About Family-Friendly Work Practices: A Case Study Focused on Perceived Organizational Support. InManaging Organizational Diversity(pp. 67-93). Springer International Publishing. Appelbaum, E., 2013. The impact of new forms of work organization on workers.Work and Employment in the High Performance Workplace,120. Bloom, N., 2014. To raise productivity, let more employees work from home.Harvard business review,92(1/2), pp.28-29. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J. and Ying, Z.J., 2014. Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment.The Quarterly Journal of Economics, p.qju032. Caruso, C.C., 2014. Negative impacts of shiftwork and long work hours.Rehabilitation Nursing,39(1), pp.16-25. Duncan, G.J. and Dunifon, R., 2012. Soft-Skills and long-run labor market success. In35th Anniversary Retrospective(pp. 313-339). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Fair Work Ombudsman. 2017.Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au [Accessed 4 May 2017]. Forbes.com. 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com [Accessed 4 May 2017]. Foster, D. and Wass, V., 2013. Disability in the labour market: an exploration of concepts of the ideal worker and organisational fit that disadvantage employees with impairments.Sociology,47(4), pp.705-721. Gavino, M.C., Wayne, S.J. and Erdogan, B., 2012. Discretionary and transactional human resource practices and employee outcomes: The role of perceived organizational support.Human Resource Management,51(5), pp.665-686. Gayathiri, R., Ramakrishnan, L., Babatunde, S.A., Banerjee, A. and Islam, M.Z., 2013. Quality of work lifeLinkage with job satisfaction and performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(1), pp.1-8. Gibbons, R. and Henderson, R., 2012. Relational contracts and organizational capabilities.Organization Science,23(5), pp.1350-1364. Jackson, S.L., 2015.Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning. Karatepe, O.M., 2013. Perceptions of organizational politics and hotel employee outcomes: The mediating role of work engagement.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(1), pp.82-104. Khallash, S. and Kruse, M., 2012. The future of work and work-life balance 2025.Futures,44(7), pp.678-686. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Metcalfe, J., 2013.Metacognition: A Special Issue of Personality and Social Psychology Review. Psychology Press. Miller, M.D. and Reynolds III, C.F., 2012.Depression and Anxiety in Later Life: What Everyone Needs to Know. JHU Press. Munir, F., Nielsen, K., Garde, A.H., Albertsen, K. and Carneiro, I.G., 2012. Mediating the effects of worklife conflict between transformational leadership and health?care workers job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.Journal of Nursing Management,20(4), pp.512-521. Pickert, K., 2014. The mindful revolution.TIME magazine,3, pp.34-48. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Rodrigues, R., Guest, D. and Budjanovcanin, A., 2013. From anchors to orientations: Towards a contemporary theory of career preferences.Journal of Vocational Behavior,83(2), pp.142-152. 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The Causes of the Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students

The Causes of the Revolutionary War Essay There were many events that took place in the 1760s and 1770s that led to the Revolutionary war. During these years the British did many things that upset the colonists. These upset colonists would eventually get sick of all the British ways and fight for their freedom. Many events crucial the Revolutionary War took place in the 1760s, such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Declaratory Act. The Sugar Act of 1764 set an import tax on foreign sugar, molasses, and rum entering Britains American colonies. Colonial merchants, ship owners, and rum distillers who profited from foreign trade angrily protested the law, but that did little of anything. The Sugar Act was the answer to the Britishs question of how to raise revenue for their war debt. Laws had been made before that placed an import tax on sugar, but this was the first time they were seriously enforced. Royal inspectors would search ships, warehouses, and homes for smuggled goods. The Quartering Act of 1765 forced colonists to house and supply British troops. Another important event of the 1760s was the Stamp Act of 1765. We will write a custom essay on The Causes of the Revolutionary War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Stamp Act placed a taxed on all printed matter such as newspapers, advertisements, and playing cards. Many didnt mind paying the tax because it was not an extreme amount, it was more about the principle of things. The Stamp Act made people angry because they thought that they should not have to pay taxes on items such as newspapers. The Stamp Acts purpose was to earn enough money to raise a standing army. As a result of the Stamp Act a secret group called the Sons of Liberty came together. This group consisted of lawyers, merchants, politicians, and artisans who were all there to protest the stamp act. The Sons of Liberty usually relied petitions, public meetings, and pamphlets to rally support, but they would also get violent if necessary. The Stamp Act congress came together in 1765 to repeal the stamp act and deny the Parliaments of its right to tax the colonies. British merchants who profited form colonial trade joined in the protest, fearing financial ruin. When the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 people on both sides of the Atlantic rejoiced. While many were busy celebrating they ignored the passage of the Declaratory Act. The Declaratory Act gave the Parliament full power and authority over the colonies. The Declaratory Act also gave the Parliament the right to make laws. The Townshend Acts of 1767 placed import duties on common items such as tea, lead, glass, and dyes for paint. British customs officials used special search warrants called writs of assistance to enforce the law. Writs of assistance were much different than the modern day search warrants, because they did not specify the item sought and specific location to be searched. A customs officer with a writ and a suspicion had the right to search any where he pleased. Colonist hated these writs very much so they stopped housing the British soldiers as the quartering act of 1765 had called them to do. On the evening of March 5, 1770 a crowd of 50 or 60 angry colonists faced a small group of British Soldiers who where there to enforce the writs of assistance. The crowd yelled insults and threw many different items at the soldiers. The crowd pushed up against the soldiers and then suddenly one of the guns discharged and then the other soldiers started firing. Three colonists died immediately and then two more died later. The Sons of Liberty quickly dubbed this incident the Boston Massacre. The Boston Massacre was the last of the important events in the 1760s that lead to the Revolutionary War. .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .postImageUrl , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:hover , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:visited , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:active { border:0!important; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:active , .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466 .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71f90d7c8998d14201385618d6efd466:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Danforth Essay The 1770s was another important decade to the start of the Revolutionary War, including famous events such as the Boston Tea Party. The Tea Act of 1773 was a law created by the Parliament that allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to American agents without paying certain taxes. The Tea Act allowed the company not to pay taxes because it was very close to going bankrupt. Even though tea was at an all time low price many .

The Thirty-Nine Steps Essays

The Thirty-Nine Steps Essays The Thirty-Nine Steps Paper The Thirty-Nine Steps Paper How does John Buchan create suspense in the book The Thirty-Nine Steps? The Thirty Nine Steps by John Buchan is about a man who has to escape London to find the real criminals behind a political assassination. The author throughout the story uses many techniques to create suspense through using the main character Richard Hannay. In the first chapter sets the scene by giving some background history of Hannays life before he gets a visit for Scudder. Buchan in the first few pages of the book is already creating the feeling of suspense when Hannay and Scudder meet outside Hannays flat. The line, Is the door locked? He asked feverishly. This gives me the image that Scudder is really nervous. I feel this creates the impression that something quite serious is going on and that the rest of the story is also going to be exciting. Buchan ends the chapter quite suddenly by finishing with, My guest was lying sprawled on his back. There was a long knife through his heart which skewered him to the floor I feel this ending made it very clear that the man who had confided in Hannay had been killed and left me wondering what was going to happen next in the story. The second chapter deals more with the thoughts of Hannay, who is devising a plan to try and leave London. He does this by stealing the uniform of a milkman. Hannay way gives exact details of timing, six thirty passed, then six forty and At one minute after the quarter to seven. I feel that the exact details of timing keeps the reader involved in the story as it creates a much stronger feeling of suspense and what will happen next. As Hannay sets out to travel to Scotland his decides he must disguise his voice so that he wont be caught out, in my broadest Scots. I feel this continues the deception of Hannay trying to hide from the Police and it also adds to the suspense that he may be caught out at any time and wont be able to stop the political assassination that is about to happen. As Hannay is in a manhunt in Scotland is becoming scared, Crouching low in the tunnels of the bog, I ran till the sweat blinded my eyes. This shows that Hannay is now becoming scared and he could be found at any time. Throughout the story Hannay fools the people he meets and causes suspense because I wonder if the people will believe his story. I pitched him a lovely yarn Hannay had been told lies by Scudder when been told about his situation. The little man told me a pack of lies I feel this created suspense because Hannay is now lost and if it wasnt for Scudders notebook he would have to give himself in. After Hannay is nearly caught by a policeman, I felt that he had no longer any who could help him, it was as if it was him against everyone. my friends at the inn had come to the understanding, and we were united in desiring to see more of me. Then follows an action packed section of the story. The plane that found him before finds Hannay and then he crashes the car and his nearly killed. This gave great suspense as I was faced with the idea that he might be killed at any time, and he would not be able to stop the political assassination that was about to happen. When Hannay spots his enemies in the hills of Scotland he begins to think clearly. He thinks of the time he changed roles with the milkman when he was trying to leave London and thinks he must do the same now. He spots a road worker and swaps role with him. Ill take on your job for a bit and see the surveyor. Here Hannay who was seconds away from death he still managed to think clearly which created suspense. Hannay is starting to struggle with hiding from his pursuers. My lack of local knowledge might very well be my undoing. By showing that Hannay was struggling, I feel that Buchan is building the reader for an exciting ending, which then creates suspense. After Hannay has found safety in the house of an old man he realises that he has made a big mistake. After being locked in a room that hid him from the men who where chasing him, he found himself held at gunpoint. I turned, and saw two men-servants who had me covered with pistols. I think this action packed section of the story has made the story far more exciting as I wondered if Hannay would be killed or would he escape and tell of the political assassination that is about to happen. Hannay realised that he had to get away. I was doing an experiment as simple as Gut Fawkes fireworks. His small knowledge of explosives might just let him escape. In this part of the story great suspense was created here. I wondered would Hannay blow himself up or manage to escape. After managing to escape he headed for a hideout. I feel at this stage in the story that Hannay might actually get free. The final section of the story is action packed when he finds out where he will be able to meet the enemy and find out their plans for the political assassination. Thirty-nine steps-I counted them-High tide, 10. 17pm. I was now very much interested as Buchan as built the story about this section. I also became interested in the story as I thought to myself Hannay might now save the day. As Hannay begins to figure out what the thirty-nine steps are, I become more positive that he would save the day. I felt that there was a lot of suspense here so Buchan could give the ending a maximum impact. When Hannay burst in on the group of criminals he thought he had made a terrible mistake but he noticed that he had seen on of the men from when he was held at gunpoint. I had stood before him in the moor land farm, with pistols of his servants behind me. Everything had now fallen in to place and I knew Hannay would catch the group of criminals. Hannay and his troops chased them and caught them. I feel that John Buchan has succeeded in creating suspense through use of the main character Richard Hannay. Which I thought made the story action packed and interesting.

Perl Array unshift() Function Tutorial

Perl Array unshift() Function Tutorial Perls unshift() function is used to add value or values onto the beginning of an array (prepend), which increases the number of elements. The new values then become the first elements in the array. It returns the new total number of elements in the array. Its easy to confuse this function with push(), which adds elements to the end of an array. Picture a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right. The unshift() function would add the new value or values on to the left side of the array, and increase the elements. In the examples, the value of myNames becomes (Larry, Curly, Moe). The array can also be thought of as a stack- picture a stack of numbered boxes, starting with 0 on the top and increasing as it goes down. The unshift() function would add the value to the top of the stack, and increase the overall size of the stack. You can unshift() multiple values onto the array directly: Or by unshift()-ing an array:

Hitler vs. Stalin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hitler vs. Stalin - Essay Example Stalin emerged from the Seminary, not as a priest but as a political revolutionary with a new ideology: Russian Marxism (Stalin, 1913). On the other hand Hitler was a miserable student who never completed high school. Yet he was an avid reader, gaining anti-Jewish, anti-democratic convictions through various pamphlets, and becoming a staunch follower of Nietzsche (Hitler, Encarta 1999). Stalin was a revolutionary, Hitler was a soldier. But they were both opportunists. Russia was suffering from a decadent monarchy, a weakening agricultural market and unemployment. The Bolsheviks were on the rise, promising equality and employment to the masses. Stalin became an important part of the Bolshevik movement through dogged organization and administration work. He became Lenin’s secretary-general. Stalin took over the Bolshevik Party by manipulation and propaganda, displacing Trotsky who was considered Lenin’s natural successor (Stalin, Encarta 1999). He further eliminated his competitors in a carefully planned campaign of political terror. One by one his rivals pleaded guilty to treason and were executed. The real strength of Stalin lied in the fear he invoked among the people of Russia. In Germany, another dictator was rising in a similar way; Hitler. In 1919 Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) party. In the year 1921 he was elected party chairman with dictatorial powers. His campaign involved hundreds of meetings and terrorization of political rivals through hired thugs. His attempt at a coup misfired and he spent 5 years in jail, but after release he rebuilt his party by exploiting a community’s natural mistrust of another. He began blaming Jews and Communists for the Depression and the lagging state of German economy, and the masses supported him enthusiastically. Both Stalin and Hitler vowed to make their countries invincible if they came into power. To a certain extent, they succeeded. Stalin launched a massive

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company Assignment

The Nature of the Fraud and the Impact to the Company - Assignment Example Enron was a very prosperous and prominent firm that was an American energy company established in Houston, Texas. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after he had acquired two other gas companies in his quest to become a conglomerate in the American history. Nonetheless, after Enron’s biggest scandal, shareholders lost around $11 billion as the company continued on the downward spiral. Enron finally filed for bankruptcy at its $63.4 billion in assets were completely diluted. Many of the stockholders got measly pennies back for the huge investments they had in the company. Enron was charged with â€Å"cooking the books† along with their associates Arthur-Anderson. In essence, the company was running a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme is a strategy used by creditors to attract new investors in the company and utilize their funds to pay off old debts. Enron’s financial statements did not comply with the operations and finances of the shareholders and analysts (2002) . The Enron Scandal and the Neglect of Management Integrity Capacity http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:gxCBEAYU1csJ:scholar.goo). Moreover, the Enron management continued to implement unethical practices as they would modify the balance sheet in order to favor the revenue goals that the corporation wanted to achieve (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/) The continuous spiral of modifying the financial statements became a continuous habit and the lead cause of the downfall of the company. Undoubtedly, managers in corporate America have to protect the interests of the corporate executives along with the goals of the stakeholders. The management clearly neglected responsibility for overseeing the unethical practices that were plaguing the corporation. The Enron scandal continued to grow worse every year as it became a problem that was out of control (2010). "Non-Media" Jury Prejudice and Rule 21(a). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7725/is_201010/ai_n57243330/). The primary motivation for Enron was to keep their gross income high along with cash flow while diminishing their liabilities and long-term debts. The moral and legal framework that has been embedded in S The dynamic culture environment of Enron was clearly based on a money-making scheme. Corporate employees were under constant pressure to reach their revenue goals that the firm came up with. In essence, Enron’s corporate culture can be best depicted through aggressive growth, risk-taking, profit planning and commercial innovations. Although some may deem this as positive values, one cannot diminish the fact that a corporation must acknowledge and mitigate the risks (2006). Four Years After Enron. http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?a=585). Since these values were not balanced and were never embedded in the principles of corporate integrity, the goal to reap high revenue beca me the core culture value for the organization.  

Genetically Modified Food is bad Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Food is bad Essay The debate on whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption is marked with controversy in the political, social, academic, and economic fronts of our community. Proponents of genetically modified foods claim that it is the only viable solution to the food insecurity problem that is eminent in the global community (Roth, 2000). Some scientific research findings have claimed that genetically modified foods have substantial levels of safety for human consumption. Nevertheless, the long term health safety of genetically modified foods has never been confirmed (Atherton, 2002). Despite the numerous claims made by proponents of genetically modified foods, there has been not concrete evidence to qualify such claim, a factor that makes consumption of such foods a risk to the human health. Genetically modified foods have been evidently closely associated with some long term health complications (Atherton, 2002). According to available statistical evidence, the global community is witnessing an increase in the occurrences of terminal diseases such as obesity. This trend has been closely attributed to the ever increasing usage of genetically modified foods in the community (Roth, 2000). Records have shown that thousands of thousands of Americans have fallen victims of obesity. Indeed, this health problem has become an issue of national concern in the American society. According to scientist, the problem has been escalated by the common trends of Americans in using fast foods. This is because, such foods lack fiber components, which are crucial to the human body. Another reason given is that such foods contain high levels of energy, which are usually not necessary to the body. Therefore, genetically modified foods are no doubt a leading cause of the increasing numbers of obese people in the community. Although numerous scientific research finding claim substantial health safety for the consumption of genetically modified foods, no search has been conducted to qualify the potential long term health risk brought by such foods (Karlsson, 2003). It has been established that gene modification can result into totally different type of gene whose impact in the human body can not be predicted. Based on this reasoning it is certain that genetically modified foods cannot be claimed safe unless sufficient research has been conducted. Still on the question of safety is the fact that modified genes are commonly made using denatured toxins, which serve to make the foods more robust to infections (Roth, 2000). According to scientific claims, these toxins are in essence poisonous to the human body cells upon long term accumulation (Roth, 2000). In fact this is what has been identified as potential allergens in genetically modified foods which make some people susceptible to their consumption. In conclusion therefore, genetically modified foods are a potential risk to the sustainable health of the human community. We are no doubt experiencing the impact such have from the ever increasing illnesses such as cases of obesity in the community. Since the question of the long term safety of these foods to the human body are significantly eminent, biotechnology products should be regarded as an issue of concern for the long term social and economic development of the community. Just as is rightly claimed, with the available natural resources and modern technological advancements, the world is capable of supplying its population with sufficient food (Roth, 2000). Therefore, any claim of genetically modified foods being the only solution to the world food security is misleading. It only serves as an indication of ignorance and lack of concern for the sustainable future of the human community. References Atherton, K. (2002). Genetically Modified Crops: Assessing Safety. London: Taylor Francis. Karlsson, M. (2003). Biosafety Principles for GMOs in the Context of Sustain. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 10, 12-43. Roth, G. (2000). Between the Rows: Sideline View of the GMO Debate. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from http://biotech. cas. psu. edu/articles/between_the_rows. htm

A Tragic Hero :: Character, Brutus, Cassius, Caesar

A tragic hero is defined as a person of high social rank, who has a tragic flaw or flaws that lead to their downfall. These heroes’ downfalls are usually either complete ruin or death. Tragic heroes face their downfall with courage and dignity. While many characters in Julius Caesar could fit these conditions, the person who fits the role of a tragic hero the best is Marcus Brutus. Brutus develops into a tragic hero throughout the play, and this is shown though his qualifications of a tragic hero, his high status, his tragic flaws, and his courage in the face of his death. Brutus has high social status in Rome. Brutus is a senator, and a popular one at that. Cassius says that â€Å"many of the best respect in Rome... have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes† (1103). Many people look up to Brutus, and wish he would help with their problems. Brutus has enough social status and wealth to hire six servants (1097). Brutus’s wife, Portia, is â€Å"Cato’s daughter†, a highly respected man (1124). IT would take someone of high status to marry a daughter of Cato’s. Portia asks if Brutus thinks she is â€Å"no stronger than [her] sex, being so fathered and so husbanded† (1124). This implies that Brutus is a man on a near caliber to that of her father. Even after Brutus is run out of Rome, he keeps his high status by becoming a general. One of the qualities of being a tragic hero is high social status, and Brutus has this quality. Brutus has several tragic flaws. One of these tragic flaws is how he trusts people a lot. Brutus says that he â€Å"know[s] that we shall have [Antony] well to a friend† (1140). He trusts Antony will be a friend of the conspirators, yet he seems to not realize that Antony is obliviously against them, because they killed his friend. Brutus trusts Antony so much, that he lets Antony speak to the public alone. Antony turns the people against Brutus and the conspirators, leading to the wars where Brutus takes his own life. Brutus also receives letters, supposedly from the people of Rome. As he reads the letter out loud, Brutus remarks â€Å"‘Speak, strike, redress!’ Am I entreated to speak and strike? O Rome, I make thee promise, if thy redress will follow, thy receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus† (1118).

Accounts Receivable and Correct Marks

Which of the following events involves an accrual? Choose one answer. | a. Recording interest that has been earned but not received | | | b. Recording supplies that have been purchased with cash but not yet used. | | | c. Recording revenue that has been earned but not yet collected in cash. | | | d. A. and C. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 2 Marks: 5 Which resource provider typically receives first priority when resources are divided as part of a business's liquidation? Choose one answer. | a. stockholders | | | b. owners | | | c. the company's managers | | | d. creditors | |Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 3 Marks: 5 Which of the following transactions involves a deferral? Choose one answer. | a. Recording salaries of employees earned but not yet paid. | | | b. Recording the interest earned (but not received) on a CD. | | | c. Recording interest accrued on a note payable. | | | d. Recording the prepayment of three months rent. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 4 Marks: 5 Which of the following groups has the primary responsibility for establishing generally accepted accounting principles for business entities in the United States?Choose one answer. | a. Internal Revenue Service | | | b. U. S. Congress | | | c. Governmental Accounting Standards Board | | | d. Financial Accounting Standards Board | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 5 Marks: 5 The left side of a T-account is known as the: Choose one answer. | a. Debit Side | | | b. Credit side | | | c. Claims side | | | d. Equity side | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. 1 Marks: 5 Product costs are matched against sales revenue Choose one answer. | a. in the period immediately following the sale. | | | b. when the merchandise is purchased. | | c. when the sale is made. | | | d. in the period immediately following the purchase. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 2 Marks: 5 The left side of a T-account is known as th e: Choose one answer. | a. Claims side | | | b. Equity side | | | c. Credit side | | | d. Debit Side | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 3 Marks: 5 When prices are rising, which method of inventory, if any, will result in the lowest relative net cash outflow (including the effects of taxes, if any)? Choose one answer. | a. weighted average. | | | b. FIFO | | | c. LIFO | | | d.None of these; inventory methods cannot affect cash flows. | | Incorrect Marks for this submission: 0/5. Question 4 Marks: 5 Which of the following is considered a period cost? Choose one answer. | a. Transportation cost on goods received from suppliers. | | | b. Cost of merchandise purchased. | | | c. Packaging costs for merchandise to be sold. | | | d. Advertising expense for the current month. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 5 Marks: 5 Which of the following is considered a product cost? Choose one answer. | a. Salaries paid to employees of a retailer. | | | b.Utility ex pense for the current month. | | | c. Transportation cost on goods received from suppliers. | | | d. Transportation cost on goods shipped to customers. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. 1 Marks: 5 Receivables are normally reported on the balance sheet at net realizable value. In contrast, payables are carried at face value. Which accounting principle requires this treatment of payables? Choose one answer. | a. Matching concept. | | | b. Monetary unit assumption. | | | c. Going concern assumption. | | | d. Materiality concept. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5.Question 2 Marks: 5 The amount of accounts receivable that is actually expected to be collected is known as: Choose one answer. | a. Bad debts expense. | | | b. Net realizable value. | | | c. Allowance for doubtful accounts. | | | d. The present value of accounts receivable. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 3 Marks: 5 The practice of reporting the net realizable value of receivables in the financial statements is commonly called: Choose one answer. | a. the cash flow method of accounting for bad debts. | | | b. the direct write-off method of accounting for bad debts. | | | c. he allowance method of accounting for bad debts. | | | d. Both a and b are correct. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 4 Marks: 5 What does the accounts receivable turnover ratio measure? Choose one answer. | a. How quickly the accounts receivable balance increases. | | | b. How quickly inventory turns into accounts receivable. | | | c. How quickly accounts receivable turn into cash. | | | d. Average balance of accounts receivables. | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 5 Marks: 5 Which of the following businesses would most likely have the longest operating cycle? Choose one answer. a. A national pharmacy chain. | | | b. A discount store. | | | c. A producer of wine. | | | d. A chain of pizza restaurants. | | Incorrect Marks for this submission: 0/5. 1 Marks: 5 What is the name used for the type of secured bond that requires a pledge of a designated piece of property in case of default? Choose one answer. | a. Debenture Bond | | | b. Indenture Bond | | | c. Mortgage Bond | | | d. Registered Bond | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 2 Marks: 5 Which of the following would be classified as a long-term operational asset? Choose one answer. | a. Accounts Receivable | | | b.Treasury Stock | | | c. Inventory | | | d. Goodwill | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 3 Marks: 5 Jocelyn Corporation recorded the following in its general journal on 1/1/06: Cash  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  98,000 Discount on Bonds Payable  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     2,000 Bonds Payable  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   100,000 Which of the following answers correctly describes the transaction on 1/1/06? Choose one answer. | a. Jocelyn issued bonds at 98. | | | b. Jocelyn issued bonds at 102. | | | c. Jocelyn issued bonds at a $2,000 premium. | | | d. Jocelyn signed a note payable for $98,000. | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 4 Marks: 5 Which of the following terms is used to identify the process of expense recognition for property, plant and equipment? Choose one answer. | a. Amortization | | | b. Depletion | | | c. Depreciation | | | d. Revision | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5. Question 5 Marks: 5 Which method of depreciation is used by most U. S. companies for financial reporting purposes? Choose one answer. | a. Straight Line | | | b. MACRS | | | c. Double Declining Balance | | | d. Units of Production | | Correct Marks for this submission: 5/5.

Comparing the Poem “Richard Corey” with Money and Happiness

Do money and happiness go together? In the poem â€Å"Richard Corey ,â€Å" the author wants the reader to think or accept the generalization that money does not bring you happiness. There are different people in the public eye who would make you think, no, money does not make you happy. Then there are people in the public eyes that you would think, yes, money can make a person happy. But, does money really make you happy? Well, personally I have never been rich. I was poor and now I have enough money to save and pay bills so that I am not living pay check to pay check. There are famous people who are wealthy. They have drug problems, alcohol issues, and behavioral issues with the law. They are not happy. When you have a drug or an alcohol problem then you are running from deep-rooted issues. Look at Charlie Sheen, Whitney Houston, Elvis Presley, Kat Williams and many others. These people have either died from overdoses or have been in trouble with the law from either alcohol or drug related problems. I don’t think all the money in the world would have made or make them happy. If anything, money was a short term solution to their problems. Would they act the same if they were poor? There are people like Oprah Winfry, Beyonce Knowles, Jay-z, Michele Obama, and many more that you would think that money made these people happy. They all go on trips, have nice houses, and they are not in the spotlight of the media for any drug, alcohol, or negative publicity. They are always smiling and they are family and friend oriented. So is it the money that makes them happy? I feel we will never know. I am far from having a lot of money. My husband and I live comfortably with the money we make. We work together to bring in the money to support our kids. My husband works really hard at his job. Are we happy? Yes, we are very happy. It’s not because of the money though. We make each other happy. We are surrounded by our family and friends. It’s the love we have for our kids, family, and each other that makes us happy. It was not always like that for me though. With my ex-husband, we were living pay check to pay check. We always were broke and needed help from family all the time. My ex-husband did not want to work and put all the stress to take care of everything on me. Was I happy? No, hence the reason he is my ex-husband. It was not because of the money though. It was because my ex-husband was like black smoke that smothered me and stressed me out so much. In conclusion, I don’t think money can make a person happy for the long haul. I feel that kind of happiness is for that moment. Materialistic things are only there for that moment. All I know is money is not the reason for my happiness. We all have our own reasons for our own happiness. What is yours?

Culinary Studio Cooking

Culinary Studio Cooking Introduction Cooking in a hotel encompasses the planning and execution of various activities. It may comprise difficult or easier tasks that involve the management of several resources. These resources at times prove to be hard due to the peak hours especially lunch and dinner times. The cooking and serving of Sweet and Sour Chicken on time is vital as far as the achievement of customer satisfaction is concerned.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Culinary Studio Cooking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This requires quick and efficient kitchen operations in order to minimize declining their orders, which could increase operating expenses. In view of this, most successful cooking and servicing, an order has been evaluated using Gantt chart and critical path analysis. Nonetheless, the employment of Gantt chart and critical path analysis to manage cooking and serving process is that such a process does not provide option s for uncertainties during the process of completing an order (Maylor, 2005). Culinary studio is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in variedly flavored chicken varieties. It is adopting critical path analysis and Gantt chart in the servicing an order of Sweet and Sour Chicken order. This will help the customer patronize the restaurant again as the services will have been quick. The hotel will also use time and other resources efficiently (Meredith, 2006). Culinary studio mission is providing customers favorite Chicken. It focuses not only on the product of Chicken but also to the experience of having the chicken by creating an environment for relaxation as you wait for lunch or dinner. This mission encompasses five Ps: people, products, place, price and promotion, in an attempt to ensure that the customers’ experience at Culinary studio’s restaurants remains exceptional and unparallel. Culinary studio also remains committed to impro ving its operations constantly, which will eventually enhance customers’ experience. Culinary studio’s mission statement highlights the importance of four Ps in its corporate culture. By using these five Ps, Culinary studio has created a strong competitive advantage for itself; the company’s success is attributed to this competitive advantage.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mission statement of culinary studio, to become customer’s favorite place and the way to eat, is quite broad. In order to achieve this mission, Culinary studio has to improve every aspect of its operations and this improvement has to be continuous. Processing of Sweet and Sour Chicken order Sweet and Sour Chicken is one of the most favorite dishes to customer who patronize Culinary studio restaurant. Serving the customers quickly will provide a relationship to p otential customers and allow individuals to remember the main aspects of the restaurant. To serve this order using Gantt chart, will provide a unique way of serving customers and help restaurant have an ability to focus on multiple orders at the same time. The order will involve the taking the order, preparation, cooking and serving within a short period. After the order has been taken, the chief will be notified to assign duties to his staff. The staff will be involved in preparing ingredients and cooking and this will be handed over to the waiters who takes the order. Gantt chart and critical path analysis will be used to execute this order to adequately. All the tasks involved in the processing of the order have been identified and have been marked as to criticalness. Time taken for each activity has been estimated. To be successful, the shortest time taken to complete the task has been observed. Other aspects of consideration are the resources to be used as well as the sequence and scheduling of activities. Another key consideration in executing the project is the prioritization of the tasks (Clements and Gido, 2009). The ingredients for preparing Sweet and Sour Chicken are (Lindahu, 2011):Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Culinary Studio Cooking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 1 inch cubes of skinless, boneless chicken breast halves 1 can pineapple chunks, drained 1/4 cup cornstarch 1 3/4 cups water, divided 3/4 cup white sugar 1/2 cup distilled white vinegar 2 drops orange food color 2 1/4 cups self-rising flour 2 tablespoons vegetable oil 2 tablespoons cornstarch 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon ground white pepper 1 egg 1 1/2 cups water 1 quart vegetable oil for frying 2 green bell pepper, cut into 1 inch pieces The directions for preparing and cooking the dish are as follows Rinsing the chicken, and paddle dry with paper towels Put reserved pineapple juice, 1 1/2 cups water, orange food coloring, sugar, and vinegar in saucepan. Boil and put 1/4 cup water and 1/4 cup cornstarch while slowly stirring to make it tick. Put flour, 2 tablespoons cornstarch, egg, white pepper, 2 tablespoons oil, and salt then put 1 1/2 cups water while stirring before putting chicken pieces for coating. Heat oil to 180 degrees C then Fry chicken pieces for 10 minutes in the oil Put and drain on paper towels the Chicken. Put cooked chicken pieces, layer green peppers, and pineapple chunks on a serving plate and pour hot sweet and sour sauce over top. Serve the customer. (Lindahu, 2011) In order to perfect the execution of the order and ensure maximum satisfaction to the customer, the shortest time and the most convenient methods will be followed. After taking the order from the guest, the waiter will use computer system to send it to the kitchen; this is a very convenient and takes the shortest time to 2 minutes. This will be followed by the actions of the chef who will assign duties to the staff fast set the ingredients as noted above and follow the directions as indicated. This will take up to 1hour 20 minutes. 15 minutes will be for preparing the ingredients and 1 hour for roasting the meat, while 5 minutes will be for preparing the service. The chef will call the waiter to deliver the dish to the guest, which in this case takes up to 5 minutes (Lindahu, 2011). Conclusion The restaurant is based on providing the consumers with top quality chicken. In executing this order, one should use critical path analysis and Gantt chart otherwise, order delivery will be late. This allows an hotelier monitor the process an order easily and customer serves well (Maylor, 2005). It also allows him to take many orders at the same time, therefore critical path analysis and Gantt chart will be used in the process of completing an order of Sweet and Sour Chicken from ordering to serving.This is because it helps in scheduling and planning of tasks involved the completion of an o rder. In regards to the Sweet and Sour Chicken order, the use of the critical path analysis and Gantt chart helps in ensuring efficiency.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference list Clements, J. Gido, J., 2009. Effective project management. London: Cengage Learning. Lindahu, P., 2011. Sweet and Sour Chicken I. Allrecipes.Com. Web. Maylor, H., 2005. Project management. New York: Prentice Hall. Meredith, J., 2006. Project Management: A Managerial Approach. Huboken: John Wiley. Appendix Critical Path Analysis and Gantt chart Task time A. receiving an order 12.30 3 minutes B. Sends order to Chef 12.33 2 mutes Sequential A C. Staff prepares ingredients 12.36 15 minutes Sequential B D. Preparation of resources- oven 12.48 1 minutes C E. Preheating the oven 12.50 3 minutes Sequential D F. flying the meat 12.53 15 minutes Sequential B E G. Removal of meat to cool 1.08 5 minutes Sequential F H. Putting platter 1.11 5 minutes Sequential G I. Delivering it to customer 1.16 5 minutes Sequential H

Invention and History of Volleyball

Invention and History of Volleyball William Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at the Holyoke, Massachusetts, YMCA (Young Mens Christian Association) where he served as Director of Physical Education. Morgan originally called his new game of Volleyball, Mintonette. The name Volleyball came about after a demonstration game of the sport, when a spectator commented that the game involved much volleying and game was renamed Volleyball. William Morgan was born in the state of New York and studied at Springfield College, Massachusetts. Ironically at Springfield, Morgan met James Naismith who invented basketball in 1891. Morgan was motivated by Naismiths game of basketball designed for younger students to invent a game suitable for the older members of the YMCA. William Morgans basis for the new game of  Volleyball. was the then popular and similar German game of Faustball and a few other sports including: tennis (the net), basketball, baseball and handball. The Morgan Trophy Award is presented annually to the most outstanding male and female collegiate volleyball player in the United States. Established by the William G. Morgan Foundation in 1995 during the centennial year of volleyball, the trophy is named in honor of William Morgan.

Interactive illustration in print media targeting children's Thesis

Interactive illustration in print media targeting children's market(under12) - Thesis Example Against the back drop of this information, it won’t be an exaggeration to state that the increasing sophistication of the digital market has captured a major share of the children’s segment, thus indirectly driving them away from the conventional medium of reading i.e. the print media. Furthermore, the development of internet, and the growing affordability as well as ease of home computing has led to a further growth in increasing the attractiveness of the interactive digital media. Children today, have a wide variety of options at their disposal in terms of reading and learning, with internet and interactive digital media forming a huge chunk of their modern childhood activities. Considering the immense potential and popularity of the interactive digital media, and the fact that it has now penetrated educational settings, the significance of interactive print media seems to have taken a back seat. However, the importance and credibility of the print media in revolution izing the social and educational experiences of young readers cannot be completely written off. It is on account of this very reason that educators, researchers, content producers as well as policy makers are now showing an increased interest and concern regarding the dominance of interactive digital media and its likely impact on the invasive experience and understanding of essential social concepts of children. They have stressed that the revival of the print media is necessary as it has an immense potential to stimulate the intellectual, emotional as well as physical development of children. The unique characteristics that the print media offers can go a long way in helping children in shaping their understanding of the world around them. It can also help in the development of a well designed interactive print media can help in engendering a sense of true learning among the young readers. This paper on interactive illustration in print media throws light on various aspects of the print media and its likely impact on the young readers. In the process it traces the roots of this medium and charts its evolution into a highly interactive medium which is specifically designed to stimulate a keen sense of understanding and growth among the target audience, i.e. young children (Schumm, 2006; Wooten, 2009). History of illustration in print media targeting children The market for children’s books was virtually non-existent in the olden times. Most of the picture books prior to the sixteenth or seventeenth century were mainly designed and targeted at the adult audience. Children were not given due importance as an independent market segment and hence there were rarely any books targeted specifically at them, although a privileged few i.e. mostly children from rich upper classes of the society were exposed to and /or had access to illuminated manuscripts (Pope, 2010; Cullinan, Person, 2005). Figure: An example of an illuminated manuscript for children According to Aries, the artists during the tenth and the eleventh centuries hardly displayed any interest in illustrating for children, as they did not consider them an important segment of readers. He

How was the La Pachuca symbolized during the Zoot Suit Riots Research Paper

How was the La Pachuca symbolized during the Zoot Suit Riots - Research Paper Example The La Pachuca symbolized the concept of complete equality between men and women, as well as a race, while using style and statements to show a sense of identity to the time frame. Defining La Pachuca The concept of La Pachuca rose at the same time as the Zoot Suits of the Chicano movement. The main ideal was based on creating a sense of identity in which all individuals from Mexico, Spain and the Latin decent had a combined identity. The Zoot Suits were the masculine interpretation of creating a modern and new style which set apart this sense of identity. The main concept was to remain as outsiders from the rest of society because of the ethnicity and decent. However, this was combined with the modernist approach of the Zoot Suits, which mimicked the time frame and other concepts of culture. Typically, those who wore these suits were attributed with gang violence and the ethnic race. The La Pachuca mimicked this ideal with the same association of belonging to the Chicana movement wh ile intertwining contemporary style with ethnicity from the feminine style of the time (Ramos, 562). The main approach which the women used in the Zoot Suit movement was based on creating a male like mimic and counterpart to the men of the movement. The women wore baggy pants with a high waste, followed by a t-shirt or blouse. The hair was pulled back with a â€Å"puff† on the top or a short cut of the hair (see Appendix A). This particular style was followed with the more feminine approach. This included a pencil skirt which went to the knees and also which had a high waste. This was accessorized with fishnet stockings, platform heels or sandals. The women would wear this with suspenders and a v-neck sweater or blouse over the top. If the hair was placed down, then it would be curled but would keep the same high top as the other styles used for the time. The women were also known for wearing darker lipstick and were often dressed with the same tattoos as men. The ideology wh ich was created, while moving into a slightly feminist approach, always mimicked the male Zoot Suiters and the style which was taken to distinguish them as Latin American and a part of the rebellion and movement of the time (Ramirez, 1). La Pachuca as a Symbol of Equality The first way in which the representation of the La Pachuca became a symbol was through the definition of equality which was exhibited. The subculture of the Zoot Suits was based on creating a sense of equality in American society for Chicanos that had immigrated to America and were interested in working with the same opportunity as other ethnicities in the country. The inability to have the same equality led many to gang activities and to outbreaks to try to point out the need to have this equality. The Zoot Suit Riots were a symbol of this desire and gathered attention in the national community to begin changing the consciousness of those in society toward culture in general. The Pachuca dressed similar to the me n and was known to have the same identity while taking place in the riots of the time. The representation of this showed that both the men and women of the Chicano / a ethnicity were looking for the same equality in society and deserved to be shown equal merit in terms of national identity (Ramirez, 9). The similarity of the zoot suit and the dress of the La Pachuca were furthered with the overall symbolism that

Accounting for strategic management & control - Research-based Case Study

Accounting for strategic management & control - Research-based Assignment - Case Study Example Last, two mind maps presenting the Hotel’s problem and the article’s main arguments are also included. The above mind (appendix 2) map shows the key problems facing Boutique Hotel, which could be blamed for the recent decline in the financial performance. First, lack of interaction between the organization and the financial department, situated in the parent company, is a sign of ineffective management. A company’s financial manager should maintain constant interaction with the organization’s manager in order to facilitate a deep analysis of the organization’s current financial situation (Case study, 2014). Ave-Co’s financial department has failed to conduct a deep financial analysis using various methods such as ratios. The current key performance indicators used in the organization are occupancy percentage and the return on investment. From economic and financial point of view, the two performance indicators are overly weak. The occupancy rate for the year 2011 to 2014 were 266.45, 277.4, 295.65 and 299.3 respectively, showing an increase in the occupancy rate. on the other hand, the return on investments for the same years were 6.665%, 9.483%, 13.84%, and 11.95 respectively, showing an increase followed by a decrease in the asset utility rate. Some critical aspect of the company’s performance, such as costs and liquidity is left unevaluated (Case study, 2014). Therefore, both the occupancy and asset utility rate represent a skeleton analysis of the company. The absence of the financial analysis of the company has clouded both the management’s and the financial department’s view to realize the insufficiency of the performance indicators implemented in the company. Consequently, the same old strategy has been in action leading to the decline of the company’s financial performance (Case study, 2014). Second, the preparation of budget is important for planning and controlling, coordinating, communication

Sainsburys Supermarket Consumer Analysis

Sainsburys Supermarket Consumer Analysis A super market is the One-Stop-provider of almost all the day to day basic necessities of any regular consumer in the given market industry. These necessities include the food items, drinks, toiletries, household stuff etc. Hence all you need to run your houses daily. These supermarkets have now further developed themselves by providing clothings, shoes etc. One of the leading names in the UK supermarket industry is Sainsburys. J. Sainsbury plc is the parent company of Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd, commonly known as Sainsburys (also Sainsbury and JS); this is the third largest chain of super stores in the United Kingdom with a market share of 16.3%. The groups Head Office is located at Holborn in Central London. 1.2. Operations: Founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury along with his wife Mary Ann in London and then gradually grew to become the largest grocery retailer by 1922. The company has a chain of stores with 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores, hence a total of 872 stores in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, including Hypermarkets (super large stores- Sainsburys stores- main plus), Sainsburys Central and Sainsburys local (supermarket and local convenient stores format main mission). The company has been eyeing the opportunity of expanding its business outside the UK. Especially the hyper potential in Asia (especially South East Asia and China). By analyzing Tescos huge success in the market outside UK, Sainsburys venture might not be far away. The Sainsburys family has 15% shares of J Sainsbury plc (as of May 2008) The major family shareholder is Lord Sainsbury of Turville holding 5.83% and Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover who holds almost 3% of the companys shares. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index (July 12, 2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainsburys) In this report we have analyzed Sainsburys on the basis of its financial performance through Studying its last 2 years financials Making necessary observations Comparing its financial performance with the market leader Tesco Commenting on the strengths and weaknesses as interpreted through their figures / ratios etc. Calculating the WACC for Sainsburys Keeping in view the over saturated industry of supermarkets, it was needed that Sainsburys should venture into something new to increase its profit margins and gives the companys portfolio some diversity. A new project suggesting that Sainsburys should open its Sainsburys Travels and Tours has been discussed and a formal report which analyzes the idea and calculates the projects NPV has been approved by the board and given a go ahead. A format for quarterly report has been suggested for business updates of the new project every quarter. Market Position. The Sainsburys is the UKs oldest major food retailer with their first store opened in 1869. It strives to keep up with its trusted heritage of quality with best services. The management has a continuous approach towards work with responsibility. They attempt to provide fresh food and innovate with respect to customers needs. It serves over 18.5 million customers every week. The large stores offer over 30000 products along with complementary Non-Food products e.g. the TU clothing range which has over 1 million transactions every week. Along with other services, an Internet based shopping service has also been made available, keeping in trend with the changing requirements o the customers, to almost 90% of UK households. In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsburys to become the market leader, and Asda became the second largest in 2003, demoting Sainsburys into third place. (July 12, 2010http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainsburys) (http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=12) 2. Sainsbury Financial Structure and Performance: Sainsburys is the 3rd largest UK super market with Tesco and Asda as its closest competitors holding positions as No. 1 and No. 2 respectively. Presently Sainsburys is operating in 872 stores across UK with 150,000 employees Sainsburys closes its financial year in the third week of March every year. The tools used are the Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash flow statement with the Notes to the Financial Statements. The financial analysis of any company helps determine the financial standing of the company and helps in making decisions and plan future strategy and projects on its basis The financial figures show a reasonable increase in sales. The gross profit showed a decline from 2007 to 2008 but is again on increasing trend in 2009. Balance sheet shows growth in goodwill and shares and decrease in the borrowings. This might have been due to increase in the interest rates. Cash flows show a significant increase in cash in hand which shows the company is stably liquid to handle its operations smoothly. Also the increase is due to sale of its stores. 2.1. Comparison with Market Leader Tesco: 2.1.1. Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis of any company provides very important information regarding the companys financial standing, financial strengths /weaknesses. They are calculated to compare a companys progress against other rivals of the industry as well as its previous performance. The ratios measure The profitability of the business The Performance The quality of companys performance A companys ability to meet the short term obligations A companys debt burden Value of business / Investment 2.1.2. Management: Tesco is the market leader in UK supermarket industry holding almost 31% of the market. The 1st Tesco store was opened in 1929, in Edgware, Middlesex, UK. Since then it has gradually grown in to being the largest supermarket chain in the UK with almost 2200 stores in UK with over 285,000 employees. Since the mid 90s S, Tesco has been investing in new markets overseas, finding new opportunities for growth and means of generating long term returns for shareholders. The group operates in 13 markets outside the UK, in Europe, Asia and North America, and also announced their entry into the Indian market last year, where they are planning to establish cash carry business. 2.1.3. Financial strength: Both Sainsbury and Tesco have strong balance sheets, equipped with tangible real estate assets. This collateral allows them to borrow at lower rates and generate cash through sale-and-leaseback schemes if required. Both the companys are operating in a saturated market. Sainsburys almost 90% of revenue is consumed in COGS leaving from 5% to 6.5% in lieu of gross profit margin and even the other expenses are insignificant comparatively still the company is left with 1.5% to 1.9% of net profit. For Tesco, the situation is not very different from Sainsburys. Here the gross profit margin is 7% which is a little better from Sainsburys. The current ratios and Quick ratios of both the companys are below 1 which is not a healthy trend. In order to obtain any finance the company should have a stable solvency indicator. The debt ratio indicates that how much of the firms assets are being financed by the debt. Both the companys show a stable debt ratio of 20% to 30%. The debt to equity ratio measures the risk involved in investing in the particular company. Sainsburys shows an acceptable debt to equity ratio of almost 50% but Tesco comparably has a huge debt to equity ratio of 91 which might be because of its full throttle expansion in international markets. Most financiers analyze the company balance sheet before making an investment decision. The prime motive to check if the companys Capital Gearing is right. Capital Gearing is the relationship between Equity and Debt. It is always considered good for a company to have a reasonable Equity base to a business, as insurance against unexpected losses. This is to minimize the risk as much as possible. If a company has a Gearing of no more than 50% 67% of their Gross Assets from Debt, depending on the risk associated with the business, it is considered acceptable. The higher the gearing, the more vulnerable the company is to the impact of increased interest rates. Tesco and Sainsbury both show a sound gearing and though Sainsbury is more healthier to be invested upon, Tesco as well is well within the Good Gearing Grounds The interest coverage of both companys show a very healthy standing to meet their interest payments deadlines. http://www.financesoutheast.com/ From above comparison it is clear that retail industry is highly saturated and it is nearly impossible for the companies to earn super profits. Effective cost control techniques need to be applied and monitored on regular basis to improve profitability. Sainsburys have improved turnover at a rate of 5.5% a year. Profits have grown even faster; increasing by 6.7%. Tesco has a little edge based on earning slightly higher profits and showing rapid growth. Both the companies need to improve upon their debt structuring, especially Tesco and hence gradually improve their liquidity ratios. 2.1.4. Growth potential: So far, Sainsburys has only concentrated on its business in the UK while Tesco has increased its operations in 14 countries. But we should not conclude that Sainsbury is lacking in growth opportunities. Sainsburys has two procurement offices in China but again no one is sure as to when Sainsburys will be able to achieve increased growth and improved profit margin without international expansion. Sainsbury has performed well by adding innovative non-food products and banking services, but competition is tough and increasing in these areas, too Tesco, on the other hand, may have more growth opportunities in progressing Asian market and elsewhere, but its also a much bigger entity than Sainsbury. For example, during last one year Tesco had  £56.9 billion in turnover as compared to  £19.9 billion for Sainsbury. Sainsburys has been concentrating on UK store expansion rather than overseas growth. It has increased the total number of stores from 583 in 2004 to 872 today. Today, Sainsburys need to emphasize on its domestic growth and increase its store efficiencies, which is not an easy task, but it is more achievable than managing and controlling a group of international locations with diverse tastes and demands. http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/strategy/international/ http://www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2010/07/16/a-foolish-fracas-sainsbury-vs-tesco.aspx 3. Weighted Average Cost of Capital: Debt Equity 2,357 (Long term debt) 18.64m (shares) * 345 (share price) = 6,431 3.1. Equity: No. of shares outstanding: 1,864 (m) Current market price per share: 345 Market Value of equity: 1,864 * 345 = 6431 http://www.google.com/finance?q=LON:SBRY http://www.digitallook.com/companyresearch/10079/Sainsbury_(J)/share_prices.html http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds/government-bonds/uk/ http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=23 We calculate the cost of equity through Dividend Growth Model Which is Ke = [Do (1 + g) / (MV-Ex Div)] g Where Ke = cost of equity Do = Dividend given = 14.20 (pence) MV = Market value = 345 (pence) Ex. Div = Ex Dividend = 10.20 (pence) g = growth rate = 7.6% Cost of equity: [14.20(1+0.076) / (345 10.2)] 0.076 Ke = 12.11% 3.2. Debt: Book value of Debt: 2,135 1,074 @ 4.98% 861 @ 2.36% 171 @ 4.25% 251 @ 4.3% Kd = 3.90% http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar10/downloads/pdf/Sainsburys_AR10_note_20_borrowings.pdf 3.3. WACC: V K V * K Debt 2357 3.90% 9192 Equity 6431 12.11% 77879 Total 8788 87071 Sum VK / Sum V = 87071 / 8788 = 9.91% 4. Project: 4.1. Opening up of Sainsburys Travel and Tours: Sainsbury has always aimed to be the consumers first choice for food, delivering quality products with great service at a competitive cost. The company is striving to achieve the objective of leading margins with diverse market and delivering strong profits every year. The values of Sainsburys are defined in their website as The values of the Sainsburys brand passion for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food, our focus on delivering great products at fair prices, a history of innovation and leadership and a strong regard for the social, ethical and environmental effects of our operation have continued to stand the test of time. Five principles are at the core of Sainsburys business: The best for food and health Sourcing with integrity Respect for our environment Making a positive difference to our community A great place to work. These principles provide differentiation from our major competitors and define and direct all our activities. http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=14 Keeping the tradition of the best services, the management has decided to venture into the ever growing market of Travel and Tourism industry with opening up of Sainsburys Travels and Tours. The idea of opening up a Travel Services business branch of Sainsburys is based on the news of Sainsburys opening up its Travel Clinics in mid 2008. The clinics were established in outlets initially offering free consultation with nurses offering different injections and health products with advise for people travelling to countries requiring vaccinations and immunization from infections like flu, malaria etc. These products were offered at significantly cheaper prices than in any specialist clinics. http://www.holidaylettings.co.uk/resources/industry-news/general-travel/sainsbury-s-launches-travel-clinics-in-21-of-its-supermarkets/a-3-143-1264/ The Sainsburys Travels and Tours will provide the company to excel and achieve its strategic goals on the basis The supermarket industry has become fairly saturated in the UK and at present Sainsburys is eyeing to expand itself in the International market but it will be a while before it actually does. The Travel industry is a growing market and has a huge potential of growth. The new product will benefit the company earn huge profitability margins which are becoming hard to achieve I the supermarket industry. The Sainsburys has a huge loyal customer base which will be utilized for promotions and marketing purpose. The project has a high probability of success given a chance of a fresh new product offered by a supermarket chain. The company will use its existing huge customer base for the travel services marketing and promotion. The existing nectar loyalty card database will help the management to design the product, offerings, travel and tour packages as per the preferences. 4.1.1. Project Description and Key Elements: The project will have a Head Office (With the existing HQ of Sainsburys at Holborn Circus, London) have initially total 3-4 rooms allocated. The HQ office will have 7 employees. Initially only limited stores and selected cities will be setup with the Sainsburys Travels and Tour Desk with one person behind the counter. The Six major cities (with respect to area / population) i.e. London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast and Cardiff covering the whole of UK will be set up initially for kick off of the Travel and Tour Services. 10 stores in London and 5 stores in the remaining cities will be setup for providing the services. Each of these cities will have a team of 2 people, 1 within the store premises (as mentioned above) and the other for monitoring and reporting purpose. The number of employees will gradually be increased as per requirements with the project evolvement. http://www.ukcities.co.uk/populations/ 4.1.2. Initial Investment Cost: Initial Investment Cost Cost of IATA Membership (http://www.iata.org/membership/Pages/fees.aspx) 33,500 GPB Total Staff 27 Computers http://www1.euro.dell.com/content/products/features.aspx/iip_notebooks?c=ukcs=ukbsdt1l=ens=bsdCID=41142LID=1069631DGC=ST 650 * 27 = 17,550 GBP (including VAT and Delivery) Server http://configure.euro.dell.com/dellstore/config.aspx?b=c=ukcs=ukbsdt1l=enoc=PE2T610Rs=bsd 2,800 GBP (including VAT and Delivery) Software http://www.britishsoft.co.uk/?gclid=CMmGudvPgaMCFSU_lAodWH6Zdg 940 GBP (including VAT and Delivery) Total Initial Cost 54,790 GBP 4.1.3. Other Costs: Type of cost Cost Amount Remarks Salary for 1st year 450,000 Inc. of 7.5% each year Brochures / Stationary / Equipment 20,000 Inc. of 10% each year Marketing Budget 250,000 Inc. of 15% every year 4.1.4. Assumptions: We assume that Sainsbury will initially target the high spenders from its customer database and target them for the promotions and marketing materials (leaflets etc.) Initially the holiday packages and tours will be offered for 5 big holiday destinations including Egypt, Turkey, Tunisia, Barbados and Spain. The packages the calculations are based include a general deal for 4 people for 7 days. The holiday packages for these destinations cost as follows (based on holiday packages offered by Expedia. Destination Price for Customer (average) http://packageholidays.expedia.co.uk//tt.aspx Actual Cost (with Sainsburys profit margin @ 24 (Price 24%) http://www.thomascookgroup.com/annual-reports Egypt 1150 (GBP) [ 286.5 GBP per person] 874 GBP Turkey 728 (GBP) [182 GBP Per Person] 553 GBP Tunisia 1200 GBP [ 300 GBP per person] 912 GBP Barbados 3120 GBP [780 GBP per person] 2371 GBP Spain 1000 GBP [ 250 GBP per person] 760 GBP We assume that Sainsbury will succeed on selling on 110 of these above mention packages for each country. Annual Revenues will be 718900 GBP We assume that annual revenues will increase by 12% (2% more than the average growth in Sainsburys revenues which is 9.4% given the growth potential in the industry) Operating cost will include the salaries of the employees, day to day business running expenses etc. since we are sharing the premises of existing Sainsburys stores and HQ so there will be no extra operating cost except the salaries. As per the National Statistics Online, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is at 3.2% and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is at 5.0%. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=19. The growing inflation rates have a direct negative effect on the customers ability to spend on leisure and holidays. Although consumers have gradually developed this sense of planning ahead and saving for their Holidays. Effective Tax rate of 28% is applied. http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/rates/corp.htm 4.2. Identification of Risk and Uncertainty: In any new project, one is never sure about 100% results. If the project is based on Risk then we might expect somewhat certain results based on previous data. The cash flows based on Risk might be forecasted and the associated possibilities are also known but in case of uncertainty the outcome is unknown and hence the related probabilities are also unknown. A study conducted with a few managers showed that they think risk is manageable if you have right information, sufficient knowledge about the project, and if the person is experienced in the particular field. Most of them stressed on the importance of alternatives, collecting more information and checking different aspects of the problem, along with being actively involved to reduce the risk.. (IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 32:4, IJCS_32_4_12) It is the attempt to manage both the known-unknowns and unknown-unknowns. Preparation for and managing the risk is the result of what is unsure and unknown-decision risk. 4.2.1. Affects of Risk and Uncertainty on proposed project: Lets consider the following aspects while making decision based on risk for the Sainsburys Travels and Tours What can go Wrong? The Sainsburys already has an established huge no. of loyal customers who would be happy to have an option o a different kind of service offered from their trust worthy service provider. The expectation for a stable turnover is based on the fact that it is an established name offering a new product on the basis of its goodwill. How likely it is to happen? The expected growth can be effected by increasing inflation rates. The Travel Industry faced a huge blow after 9-11 incident. What are the consequences? Any unforeseen incident like this (God forbid) will have long lasting effects on the companys growth, profitability and future expansions and plans. http://www.robustdecisions.com/decision-making-tools/risk-vs-uncertainty.php 5. Calculation of NPV: NPV is a technique where cash inflows which are expected in comming years are discounted back to their present value. This is calculated by through a discount rate equal to the interest that was to be received on the sums, in case the inflows had been saved, or the interest that has to be borne by the firm on the borrowings. In case of more then one project appraisal, the firm should choose the one that produces the highest NPV. 5.1. Sainsburys Travels and Tours Expected Cash Flows (for 3 years): The project has a positive NPV which is a healthy sign for the project. It can be proceeded with. The project is going to be beneficial for the company and add to the shareholders value. A positive NPV means that the project is worthwhile because the cost of tying up the firms capital is compensated for by the cash inflows that result. http://www.bized.co.uk/timeweb/reference/using_experiments.htm 6. Quarterly Report Format: As per the requirement of the board every quarter a report has to be sent for updated performance and progress information. The report has to serve the purpose of giving a complete up to date data to be analyzed by the board. A company analysis gives a complete performance and financial picture of the company. The report should include all the data necessary to quickly compare it with the major competitors. 6.1. Reporting Layouts: The report will be in Excel sheet format. The Information provided will be in different excel sheets in the same document each covering a preceding quarter to give convenient comparisons Title of the report: Sainsburys Travels and Tours Addressed to: Date: from -/-/- to -/-/-: Date of submission: Submitted by: 6.1.1. Holiday Packages Bookings: 6.1.4. Comparison of Actual and Forecasted performance: The calculation of the Sainsburys Travels and Tours project NPV has been made by going through the three years forecasted figures of the company which show that it is progressing towards a high performing entity with reasonable growth in profit. Although with the growth of the company eventually it will require to use more resources in term of offices, employees, equipment, marketing budget etc. but the current performance clearly suggests that it will very strongly bear all the changes and keep on showing a steady growth. 7. Conclusion: Sainsburys is one of the key players of the existing supermarket industry in UK. This report gives an overview of its performance during the last couple of years, dealing with the financial figures we have tried to analyze the financial standing and strength and the comparison with the main market leader Tesco gives a fair idea of both the companys approach towards business. Although Sainsburys has not yet ventured into the International market but the step might not b that far away keeping in mind the huge success TESCO has had in the international market. Sainsburys has a huge loyal customer base. The suggested new service product through Sainsburys Travel and Tours will provide these customers to utilize yet another trustworthy service by their trusted name. The growing Travel and Tours market will definitely have a positive effect on the Sainsburys portfolio by increasing its profits and hence strengthening its business.